3. Configurer Python
********************


3.1. Build Requirements
=======================

To build CPython, you will need:

* A C11 compiler. Optional C11 features are not required.

* On Windows, Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or later is required.

* Support for IEEE 754 floating-point numbers and floating-point
  Not-a-Number (NaN).

* Support for threads.

Modifié dans la version 3.5: On Windows, Visual Studio 2015 or later
is now required.

Modifié dans la version 3.6: Selected C99 features, like "<stdint.h>"
and "static inline" functions, are now required.

Modifié dans la version 3.7: Thread support is now required.

Modifié dans la version 3.11: C11 compiler, IEEE 754 and NaN support
are now required. On Windows, Visual Studio 2017 or later is required.

See also **PEP 7** "Style Guide for C Code" and **PEP 11** "CPython
platform support".


3.1.1. Requirements for optional modules
----------------------------------------

Some *optional modules* of the standard library require third-party
libraries installed for development (for example, header files must be
available).

Missing requirements are reported in the "configure" output. Modules
that are missing due to missing dependencies are listed near the end
of the "make" output, sometimes using an internal name, for example,
"_ctypes" for "ctypes" module.

If you distribute a CPython interpreter without optional modules, it's
best practice to advise users, who generally expect that standard
library modules are available.

Dependencies to build optional modules are:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Dependency                        | Minimum version                   | Python module                     |
|===================================|===================================|===================================|
| libbz2                            |                                   | "bz2"                             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| libffi                            | 3.3.0 recommended                 | "ctypes"                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| liblzma                           |                                   | "lzma"                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| libmpdec                          | 2.5.0                             | "decimal" [1]                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| libreadline or libedit [2]        |                                   | "readline"                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| libuuid                           |                                   | "_uuid" [3]                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ncurses [4]                       |                                   | "curses"                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| OpenSSL                           | 3.0.18 recommended (1.1.1         | "ssl", "hashlib" [5]              |
|                                   | minimum)                          |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| SQLite                            | 3.15.2                            | "sqlite3"                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Tcl/Tk                            | 8.5.12                            | "tkinter", IDLE, "turtle"         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zlib                              | 1.2.2.1                           | "zlib", "gzip", "ensurepip"       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zstd                              | 1.4.5                             | "compression.zstd"                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

[1] If *libmpdec* is not available, the "decimal" module will use a
    pure-Python implementation. See "--with-system-libmpdec" for
    details.

[2] See "--with-readline" for choosing the backend for the "readline"
    module.

[3] The "uuid" module uses "_uuid" to generate "safe" UUIDs. See the
    module documentation for details.

[4] The "curses" module requires the "libncurses" or "libncursesw"
    library. The "curses.panel" module additionally requires the
    "libpanel" or "libpanelw" library.

[5] If OpenSSL is not available, the "hashlib" module will use bundled
    implementations of several hash functions. See "--with-builtin-
    hashlib-hashes" for *forcing* usage of OpenSSL.

Note that the table does not include all optional modules; in
particular, platform-specific modules like "winreg" are not listed
here.

Voir aussi:

  * The devguide includes a full list of dependencies required to
    build all modules and instructions on how to install them on
    common platforms.

  * "--with-system-expat" allows building with an external libexpat
    library.

  * Options for third-party dependencies

Modifié dans la version 3.1: Tcl/Tk version 8.3.1 is now required for
"tkinter".

Modifié dans la version 3.5: Tcl/Tk version 8.4 is now required for
"tkinter".

Modifié dans la version 3.7: OpenSSL 1.0.2 is now required for
"hashlib" and "ssl".

Modifié dans la version 3.10: OpenSSL 1.1.1 is now required for
"hashlib" and "ssl". SQLite 3.7.15 is now required for "sqlite3".

Modifié dans la version 3.11: Tcl/Tk version 8.5.12 is now required
for "tkinter".

Modifié dans la version 3.13: SQLite 3.15.2 is now required for
"sqlite3".


3.2. Generated files
====================

To reduce build dependencies, Python source code contains multiple
generated files. Commands to regenerate all generated files:

   make regen-all
   make regen-stdlib-module-names
   make regen-limited-abi
   make regen-configure

The "Makefile.pre.in" file documents generated files, their inputs,
and tools used to regenerate them. Search for "regen-*" make targets.


3.2.1. configure script
-----------------------

The "make regen-configure" command regenerates the "aclocal.m4" file
and the "configure" script using the "Tools/build/regen-configure.sh"
shell script which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools
versions and have a reproducible output.

The container is optional, the following command can be run locally:

   autoreconf -ivf -Werror

The generated files can change depending on the exact versions of the
tools used. The container that CPython uses has Autoconf 2.72,
"aclocal" from Automake 1.16.5, and pkg-config 1.8.1.

Modifié dans la version 3.13: Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.5 and are
now used to regenerate "configure".

Modifié dans la version 3.14: Autoconf 2.72 is now used to regenerate
"configure".


3.3. Options de configuration
=============================

List all "configure" script options using:

   ./configure --help

Voir aussi le fichier "Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt" dans la distribution
des sources Python.


3.3.1. Options générales
------------------------

--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions

   Support loadable extensions in the "_sqlite" extension module
   (default is no) of the "sqlite3" module.

   Voir la méthode  "sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension()" du
   module "sqlite3".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--disable-ipv6

   Désactive la prise en charge d'IPv6 (activé par défaut si géré),
   voir le module "socket".

--enable-big-digits=[15|30]

   Définit la taille en bits des chiffres Python "int" : 15 ou 30
   bits.

   La valeur par défaut est "30" bits.

   Définit "PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT" à "15" ou "30".

   Voir "sys.int_info.bits_per_digit".

--with-suffix=SUFFIX

   Définit à *SUFFIX* le suffixe de l'exécutable Python.

   Le suffixe par défaut est ".exe" sur Windows et macOS (exécutable
   "python.exe"), ".js" pour Emscripten ("node"), ".html" pour
   Emscripten (navigateur), ".wasm" pour WASI, et une chaîne vide sur
   les autres plateformes (exécutable "python").

   Modifié dans la version 3.11: les suffixes par défaut pour la
   plateforme WASM sont maintenant ".js", ".html" et ".wasm".

--with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>

   Select the default time zone search path for "zoneinfo.TZPATH". See
   the Compile-time configuration of the "zoneinfo" module.

   Par défaut : "/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib
   /zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo".

   Voir le séparateur de chemins "os.pathsep".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.9.

--without-decimal-contextvar

   Compile le module d'extension "_decimal" en utilisant un contexte
   local au fil d'exécution plutôt qu'un contexte local de coroutine
   (défaut). Voir le module "decimal".

   See "decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR" and the "contextvars" module.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.9.

--with-dbmliborder=<list of backend names>

   Change l'ordre de détection des implémentations de base de données
   pour le module "dbm".

   Une valeur valide est une chaîne de noms d'implémentations séparés
   par des deux-points (":") :

   * "ndbm" ;

   * "gdbm" ;

   * "bdb".

--without-c-locale-coercion

   Désactive le forçage des paramètres régionaux C pour un paramètre
   régional basé sur UTF-8 (activé par défaut).

   Ne pas définir la macro "PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE".

   Voir "PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE" et la **PEP 538**.

--with-platlibdir=DIRNAME

   Nom du dossier de bibliothèques Python (par défaut : "lib").

   Fedora et SuSE utilisent "lib64" sur les systèmes 64-bit.

   Voir "sys.platlibdir".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.9.

--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH

   Dossier de paquets *wheel* utilisé par le module "ensurepip" (par
   défaut : aucun).

   Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against
   bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages
   in the "/usr/share/python-wheels/" directory and don't install the
   "ensurepip._bundled" package.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.

--with-pkg-config=[check|yes|no]

   Est-ce que *configure* doit utiliser **pkg-config** pour détecter
   les dépendances de construction.

   * "check" (par défaut) : **pkg-config** est optionnel

   * "yes" : **pkg-config** est obligatoire

   * "no" : *configure* n'utilise pas **pkg-config** même s'il est
     présent

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

--enable-pystats

   Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering.

   By default, statistics gathering is off. Use "python3 -X pystats"
   command or set "PYTHONSTATS=1" environment variable to turn on
   statistics gathering at Python startup.

   At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and
   not cleared.

   Effects:

   * Add "-X pystats" command line option.

   * Add "PYTHONSTATS" environment variable.

   * Define the "Py_STATS" macro.

   * Add functions to the "sys" module:

     * "sys._stats_on()": Turns on statistics gathering.

     * "sys._stats_off()": Turns off statistics gathering.

     * "sys._stats_clear()": Clears the statistics.

     * "sys._stats_dump()": Dump statistics to file, and clears the
       statistics.

   The statistics will be dumped to a arbitrary (probably unique) file
   in "/tmp/py_stats/" (Unix) or "C:\temp\py_stats\" (Windows). If
   that directory does not exist, results will be printed on stderr.

   Utilisez "Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py" pour lire les
   statistiques.

   Statistics:

   * Opcode:

     * Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt,
       failures;

     * Execution count;

     * Pair count.

   * Call:

     * Inlined Python calls;

     * PyEval calls;

     * Frames pushed;

     * Frame object created;

     * Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL,
       build class, slot, function "ex", API, method.

   * Object:

     * incref and decref;

     * interpreter incref and decref;

     * allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big;

     * free;

     * to/from free lists;

     * dictionary materialized/dematerialized;

     * type cache;

     * optimization attempts;

     * optimization traces created/executed;

     * uops executed.

   * Garbage collector:

     * Garbage collections;

     * Objects visited;

     * Objects collected.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

--disable-gil

   Enables support for running Python without the *global interpreter
   lock* (GIL): *free-threaded build*.

   Defines the "Py_GIL_DISABLED" macro and adds ""t"" to
   "sys.abiflags".

   See Free-threaded CPython for more detail.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.

--enable-experimental-jit=[no|yes|yes-off|interpreter]

   Indicate how to integrate the experimental just-in-time compiler.

   * "no": Don't build the JIT.

   * "yes": Enable the JIT. To disable it at runtime, set the
     environment variable "PYTHON_JIT=0".

   * "yes-off": Build the JIT, but disable it by default. To enable it
     at runtime, set the environment variable "PYTHON_JIT=1".

   * "interpreter": Enable the "JIT interpreter" (only useful for
     those debugging the JIT itself). To disable it at runtime, set
     the environment variable "PYTHON_JIT=0".

   "--enable-experimental-jit=no" is the default behavior if the
   option is not provided, and "--enable-experimental-jit" is
   shorthand for "--enable-experimental-jit=yes".  See
   "Tools/jit/README.md" for more information, including how to
   install the necessary build-time dependencies.

   Note:

     When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system
     has Python 3.11 or later installed.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.

PKG_CONFIG

   Path to "pkg-config" utility.

PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR

PKG_CONFIG_PATH

   "pkg-config" options.


3.3.2. C compiler options
-------------------------

CC

   C compiler command.

CFLAGS

   C compiler flags.

CPP

   C preprocessor command.

CPPFLAGS

   C preprocessor flags, e.g. "-I*include_dir*".


3.3.3. Linker options
---------------------

LDFLAGS

   Linker flags, e.g. "-L*library_directory*".

LIBS

   Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. "-l*library*".

MACHDEP

   Name for machine-dependent library files.


3.3.4. Options for third-party dependencies
-------------------------------------------

Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

BZIP2_CFLAGS

BZIP2_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags to link Python to "libbz2", used by
   "bz2" module, overriding "pkg-config".

CURSES_CFLAGS

CURSES_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libncurses" or "libncursesw", used
   by "curses" module, overriding "pkg-config".

GDBM_CFLAGS

GDBM_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "gdbm".

LIBEDIT_CFLAGS

LIBEDIT_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libedit", used by "readline"
   module, overriding "pkg-config".

LIBFFI_CFLAGS

LIBFFI_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libffi", used by "ctypes" module,
   overriding "pkg-config".

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS

LIBMPDEC_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libmpdec", used by "decimal"
   module, overriding "pkg-config".

   Note:

     These environment variables have no effect unless "--with-system-
     libmpdec" is specified.

LIBLZMA_CFLAGS

LIBLZMA_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "liblzma", used by "lzma" module,
   overriding "pkg-config".

LIBREADLINE_CFLAGS

LIBREADLINE_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libreadline", used by "readline"
   module, overriding "pkg-config".

LIBSQLITE3_CFLAGS

LIBSQLITE3_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libsqlite3", used by "sqlite3"
   module, overriding "pkg-config".

LIBUUID_CFLAGS

LIBUUID_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libuuid", used by "uuid" module,
   overriding "pkg-config".

LIBZSTD_CFLAGS

LIBZSTD_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libzstd", used by
   "compression.zstd" module, overriding "pkg-config".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.14.

PANEL_CFLAGS

PANEL_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overriding "pkg-config".

   C compiler and linker flags for "libpanel" or "libpanelw", used by
   "curses.panel" module, overriding "pkg-config".

TCLTK_CFLAGS

TCLTK_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overriding "pkg-config".

ZLIB_CFLAGS

ZLIB_LIBS

   C compiler and linker flags for "libzlib", used by "gzip" module,
   overriding "pkg-config".


3.3.5. Options de WebAssembly
-----------------------------

--enable-wasm-dynamic-linking

   Active la gestion d'édition de liens dynamique pour WASM

   L'édition de liens dynamique autorise "dlopen". La taille du
   fichier exécutable augmente en raison de l'élimination moindre du
   code mort et des fonctionnalités supplémentaires.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

--enable-wasm-pthreads

   Active la gestion des *pthreads* pour WASM.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.


3.3.6. Options d'installation
-----------------------------

--prefix=PREFIX

   Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it
   defaults to "/usr/local".

   This value can be retrieved at runtime using "sys.prefix".

   As an example, one can use "--prefix="$HOME/.local/"" to install a
   Python in its home directory.

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX

   Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to "--
   prefix".

   This value can be retrieved at runtime using "sys.exec_prefix".

--disable-test-modules

   Don't build nor install test modules, like the "test" package or
   the "_testcapi" extension module (built and installed by default).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.

--with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no]

   Sélectionne la commande "ensurepip" exécutée à l'installation de
   Python :

   * "upgrade" (défaut) : exécute la commande "python -m ensurepip
     --altinstall --upgrade" ;

   * "install" : exécute la commande "python -m ensurepip
     --altinstall" ;

   * "no" : n'exécute pas *ensurepip*.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.


3.3.7. Options de performance
-----------------------------

Configuring Python using "--enable-optimizations --with-lto" (PGO +
LTO) is recommended for best performance. The experimental "--enable-
bolt" flag can also be used to improve performance.

--enable-optimizations

   Active l'optimisation guidée par profilage (*Profile Guided
   Optimization*, PGO) en utilisant "PROFILE_TASK" (désactivé par
   défaut).

   L'utilisation de PGO avec le compilateur C Clang nécessite "llvm-
   profdata". Sur macOS, GCC est juste un alias vers Clang et partage
   donc cette contrainte.

   Désactive également l'interposition sémantique dans *libpython* si
   GCC est utilisé avec "--enable-shared" : ajoute l'option "-fno-
   semantic-interposition" à la compilation et à l'édition des liens.

   Note:

     During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings about
     profile data not being available for some source files. These
     warnings are harmless, as only a subset of the code is exercised
     during profile data acquisition. To disable these warnings on
     Clang, manually suppress them by adding "-Wno-profile-instr-
     unprofiled" to "CFLAGS".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

   Modifié dans la version 3.10: Utilisation de "-fno-semantic-
   interposition" avec GCC.

PROFILE_TASK

   Variable d'environnement utilisée dans le "Makefile" : arguments
   Python utilisés pour la tâche de préparation de la PGO.

   Par défaut : "-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

   Modifié dans la version 3.13: Task failure is no longer ignored
   silently.

--with-lto=[full|thin|no|yes]

   Active l'optimisation à l'édition des liens (*Link Time
   Optimization*, LTO) à la compilation (désactivé par défaut).

   Le compilateur C Clang nécessite "llvm-ar" pour la LTO ("ar" sur
   macOS), ainsi qu'un éditeur de liens implémentant la LTO ("ld.gold"
   ou "lld").

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11: Pour avoir la fonctionnalité ThinLTO,
   utilisez "--with-lto=thin" avec Clang.

   Modifié dans la version 3.12: Use ThinLTO as the default
   optimization policy on Clang if the compiler accepts the flag.

--enable-bolt

   Enable usage of the BOLT post-link binary optimizer (disabled by
   default).

   BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in
   their binary distributions. This flag requires that "llvm-bolt" and
   "merge-fdata" are available.

   BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be
   considered experimental for now. Because this tool operates on
   machine code its success is dependent on a combination of the build
   environment + the other optimization configure args + the CPU
   architecture, and not all combinations are supported. BOLT versions
   before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under some scenarios. Use of
   LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly encouraged.

   The "BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS" and "BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS" **configure**
   variables can be defined to override the default set of arguments
   for **llvm-bolt** to instrument and apply BOLT data to binaries,
   respectively.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.12.

BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS

   Arguments to "llvm-bolt" when creating a BOLT optimized binary.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.12.

BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS

   Arguments to "llvm-bolt" when instrumenting binaries.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.12.

--with-computed-gotos

   Autorise les *gotos* calculés dans les boucles (activé par défaut
   pour les compilateurs qui le gèrent).

--with-tail-call-interp

   Enable interpreters using tail calls in CPython. If enabled,
   enabling PGO ("--enable-optimizations") is highly recommended. This
   option specifically requires a C compiler with proper tail call
   support, and the preserve_none calling convention. For example,
   Clang 19 and newer supports this feature.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.14.

--without-mimalloc

   Disable the fast mimalloc allocator (enabled by default).

   This option cannot be used together with "--disable-gil" because
   the *free-threaded* build requires mimalloc.

   Voir aussi la variable d'environnement "PYTHONMALLOC".

--without-pymalloc

   Désactive l'allocateur spécialisé de mémoire de Python pymalloc
   (activé par défaut).

   Voir aussi la variable d'environnement "PYTHONMALLOC".

--without-doc-strings

   Désactive les chaînes de documentation statiques pour réduire
   l'empreinte mémoire (activé par défaut). Les chaînes définies dans
   Python ne sont pas affectées.

   Ne définit pas la macro "WITH_DOC_STRINGS".

   Voir la macro "PyDoc_STRVAR()".

--enable-profiling

   Active le profilage du code C avec "gprof" (désactivé par défaut).

--with-strict-overflow

   Add "-fstrict-overflow" to the C compiler flags (by default we add
   "-fno-strict-overflow" instead).

--without-remote-debug

   Deactivate remote debugging support described in **PEP 768**
   (enabled by default). When this flag is provided the code that
   allows the interpreter to schedule the execution of a Python file
   in a separate process as described in **PEP 768** is not compiled.
   This includes both the functionality to schedule code to be
   executed and the functionality to receive code to be executed.

   Py_REMOTE_DEBUG

      This macro is defined by default, unless Python is configured
      with "--without-remote-debug".

      Note that even if the macro is defined, remote debugging may not
      be available (for example, on an incompatible platform).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.14.


3.3.8. Compilation de Python en mode débogage
---------------------------------------------

Une compilation de Python en mode débogage se fait avec l'option de
configuration "--with-pydebug".

Effets du mode débogage :

* Affichage de tous les avertissements par défaut : le filtre par
  défaut des avertissements est vide dans le module "warnings".

* Ajout de "d" à "sys.abiflags".

* Add "sys.gettotalrefcount()" function.

* Ajout de l'option de ligne de commande "-X showrefcount".

* Add "-d" command line option and "PYTHONDEBUG" environment variable
  to debug the parser.

* Prise en charge de la variable "__ltrace__" : si la variable est
  définie, active le traçage de bas niveau dans la boucle d'évaluation
  du code intermédiaire.

* Installation des debug hooks on memory allocators pour détecter les
  débordements de mémoire tampon et autres erreurs de mémoire.

* Définition des macros "Py_DEBUG" et "Py_REF_DEBUG".

* Ajout de vérifications à l'exécution : codes entourés de "#ifdef
  Py_DEBUG" et "#endif". Active les assertions "assert(...)" et
  "_PyObject_ASSERT(...)" : ne définit pas la macro "NDEBUG" (voir
  aussi l'option de configuration "--with-assertions"). Les
  principales vérifications à l'exécution :

  * Ajout des contrôles d'intégrité sur les arguments de fonction.

  * Les objets "unicode" et "int" sont créés avec un motif particulier
    à l'initialisation de leur mémoire afin de détecter l'usage
    d'objets non initialisés.

  * S'assurer que les fonctions qui peuvent effacer ou remplacer
    l'exception courante ne sont pas appelées avec une exception
    levée.

  * S'assurer que les fonctions qui désallouent ne changent pas
    l'exception en cours.

  * Le ramasse-miettes (la fonction "gc.collect()") effectue quelques
    tests basiques relatifs à la cohérence des objets.

  * The "Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST()" macro checks for integer underflow and
    overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.

Voir aussi le mode de développement Python et l'option de
configuration "--with-trace-refs".

Modifié dans la version 3.8: Release builds and debug builds are now
ABI compatible: defining the "Py_DEBUG" macro no longer implies the
"Py_TRACE_REFS" macro (see the "--with-trace-refs" option).


3.3.9. Debug options
--------------------

--with-pydebug

   Build Python in debug mode: define the "Py_DEBUG" macro (disabled
   by default).

--with-trace-refs

   Enable tracing references for debugging purpose (disabled by
   default).

   Effects:

   * Define the "Py_TRACE_REFS" macro.

   * Add "sys.getobjects()" function.

   * Add "PYTHONDUMPREFS" environment variable.

   The "PYTHONDUMPREFS" environment variable can be used to dump
   objects and reference counts still alive at Python exit.

   Statically allocated objects are not traced.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

   Modifié dans la version 3.13: This build is now ABI compatible with
   release build and debug build.

--with-assertions

   Build with C assertions enabled (default is no): "assert(...);" and
   "_PyObject_ASSERT(...);".

   If set, the "NDEBUG" macro is not defined in the "OPT" compiler
   variable.

   See also the "--with-pydebug" option (debug build) which also
   enables assertions.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--with-valgrind

   Enable Valgrind support (default is no).

--with-dtrace

   Enable DTrace support (default is no).

   See Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--with-address-sanitizer

   Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, "asan" (default is
   no). To improve ASan detection capabilities you may also want to
   combine this with "--without-pymalloc" to disable the specialized
   small-object allocator whose allocations are not tracked by ASan.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--with-memory-sanitizer

   Enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector, "msan" (default
   is no).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer

   Enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector,
   "ubsan" (default is no).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

--with-thread-sanitizer

   Enable ThreadSanitizer data race detector, "tsan" (default is no).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.


3.3.10. Linker options
----------------------

--enable-shared

   Enable building a shared Python library: "libpython" (default is
   no).

--without-static-libpython

   Do not build "libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a" and do not install "python.o"
   (built and enabled by default).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.


3.3.11. Libraries options
-------------------------

--with-libs='lib1 ...'

   Link against additional libraries (default is no).

--with-system-expat

   Build the "pyexpat" module using an installed "expat" library
   (default is no).

--with-system-libmpdec

   Build the "_decimal" extension module using an installed
   "mpdecimal" library, see the "decimal" module (default is yes).

   Ajouté dans la version 3.3.

   Modifié dans la version 3.13: Default to using the installed
   "mpdecimal" library.

   Modifié dans la version 3.15: A bundled copy of the library will no
   longer be selected implicitly if an installed "mpdecimal" library
   is not found. In Python 3.15 only, it can still be selected
   explicitly using "--with-system-libmpdec=no" or "--without-system-
   libmpdec".

   Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.16: A
   copy of the "mpdecimal" library sources will no longer be
   distributed with Python 3.16.

   Voir aussi: "LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS" and "LIBMPDEC_LIBS".

--with-readline=readline|editline

   Designate a backend library for the "readline" module.

   * readline: Use readline as the backend.

   * editline: Use editline as the backend.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.

--without-readline

   Don't build the "readline" module (built by default).

   Don't define the "HAVE_LIBREADLINE" macro.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.

--with-libm=STRING

   Override "libm" math library to *STRING* (default is system-
   dependent).

--with-libc=STRING

   Override "libc" C library to *STRING* (default is system-
   dependent).

--with-openssl=DIR

   Root of the OpenSSL directory.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.7.

--with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR]

   Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:

   * "no" (default): don't set rpath;

   * "auto": auto-detect rpath from "--with-openssl" and "pkg-config";

   * *DIR*: set an explicit rpath.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.10.


3.3.12. Security Options
------------------------

--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash13|siphash24]

   Select hash algorithm for use in "Python/pyhash.c":

   * "siphash13" (default);

   * "siphash24";

   * "fnv".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.4.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11: "siphash13" is added and it is the new
   default.

--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2

   Built-in hash modules:

   * "md5";

   * "sha1";

   * "sha256";

   * "sha512";

   * "sha3" (with shake);

   * "blake2".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.9.

--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]

   Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:

   * "python" (default): use Python's preferred selection;

   * "openssl": leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;

   * *STRING*: use a custom string

   See the "ssl" module.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.7.

   Modifié dans la version 3.10: The settings "python" and *STRING*
   also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version.

--disable-safety

   Disable compiler options that are recommended by OpenSSF for
   security reasons with no performance overhead. If this option is
   not enabled, CPython will be built based on safety compiler options
   with no slow down. When this option is enabled, CPython will not be
   built with the compiler options listed below.

   The following compiler options are disabled with "--disable-
   safety":

   * -fstack-protector-strong: Enable run-time checks for stack-based
     buffer overflows.

   * -Wtrampolines: Enable warnings about trampolines that require
     executable stacks.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.14.

--enable-slower-safety

   Enable compiler options that are recommended by OpenSSF for
   security reasons which require overhead. If this option is not
   enabled, CPython will not be built based on safety compiler options
   which performance impact. When this option is enabled, CPython will
   be built with the compiler options listed below.

   The following compiler options are enabled with "--enable-slower-
   safety":

   * -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3: Fortify sources with compile- and run-time
     checks for unsafe libc usage and buffer overflows.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.14.


3.3.13. macOS Options
---------------------

See Mac/README.rst.

--enable-universalsdk

--enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR

   Create a universal binary build. *SDKDIR* specifies which macOS SDK
   should be used to perform the build (default is no).

--enable-framework

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR

   Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install.
   Optional *INSTALLDIR* specifies the installation path (default is
   no).

--with-universal-archs=ARCH

   Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This
   option is only valid when "--enable-universalsdk" is set.

   Options:

   * "universal2" (x86-64 and arm64);

   * "32-bit" (PPC and i386);

   * "64-bit"  (PPC64 and x86-64);

   * "3-way" (i386, PPC and x86-64);

   * "intel" (i386 and x86-64);

   * "intel-32" (i386);

   * "intel-64" (x86-64);

   * "all"  (PPC, i386, PPC64 and x86-64).

   Note that values for this configuration item are *not* the same as
   the identifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the
   Python Packaging User Guide for details on the packaging platform
   compatibility tags used on macOS

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK

   Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when
   "--enable-framework" is set (default: "Python").

--with-app-store-compliance

--with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE

   The Python standard library contains strings that are known to
   trigger automated inspection tool errors when submitted for
   distribution by the macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this
   option will apply the list of patches that are known to correct app
   store compliance. A custom patch file can also be specified. This
   option is disabled by default.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.13.


3.3.14. iOS Options
-------------------

See iOS/README.rst.

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR

   Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, the *INSTALLDIR* argument
   specifying the installation path is mandatory.

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK

   Specify the name for the framework (default: "Python").


3.3.15. Cross Compiling Options
-------------------------------

Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build
Python for another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling
requires a Python interpreter for the build platform. The version of
the build Python must match the version of the cross compiled host
Python.

--build=BUILD

   configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed by
   **config.guess**.

--host=HOST

   cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform)

--with-build-python=path/to/python

   path to build "python" binary for cross compiling

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

CONFIG_SITE=file

   An environment variable that points to a file with configure
   overrides.

   Example *config.site* file:

      # config.site-aarch64
      ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=no
      ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes
      ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no

HOSTRUNNER

   Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.11.

Cross compiling example:

   CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64 ../configure \
       --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu \
       --host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu \
       --with-build-python=../x86_64/python


3.4. Python Build System
========================


3.4.1. Main files of the build system
-------------------------------------

* "configure.ac" => "configure";

* "Makefile.pre.in" => "Makefile" (created by "configure");

* "pyconfig.h" (created by "configure");

* "Modules/Setup": C extensions built by the Makefile using
  "Module/makesetup" shell script;


3.4.2. Main build steps
-----------------------

* C files (".c") are built as object files (".o").

* A static "libpython" library (".a") is created from objects files.

* "python.o" and the static "libpython" library are linked into the
  final "python" program.

* C extensions are built by the Makefile (see "Modules/Setup").


3.4.3. Main Makefile targets
----------------------------


3.4.3.1. make
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For the most part, when rebuilding after editing some code or
refreshing your checkout from upstream, all you need to do is execute
"make", which (per Make's semantics) builds the default target, the
first one defined in the Makefile.  By tradition (including in the
CPython project) this is usually the "all" target. The "configure"
script expands an "autoconf" variable, "@DEF_MAKE_ALL_RULE@" to
describe precisely which targets "make all" will build. The three
choices are:

* "profile-opt" (configured with "--enable-optimizations")

* "build_wasm" (chosen if the host platform matches "wasm32-wasi*" or
  "wasm32-emscripten")

* "build_all" (configured without explicitly using either of the
  others)

Depending on the most recent source file changes, Make will rebuild
any targets (object files and executables) deemed out-of-date,
including running "configure" again if necessary. Source/target
dependencies are many and maintained manually however, so Make
sometimes doesn't have all the information necessary to correctly
detect all targets which need to be rebuilt.  Depending on which
targets aren't rebuilt, you might experience a number of problems. If
you have build or test problems which you can't otherwise explain,
"make clean && make" should work around most dependency problems, at
the expense of longer build times.


3.4.3.2. make platform
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Build the "python" program, but don't build the standard library
extension modules. This generates a file named "platform" which
contains a single line describing the details of the build platform,
e.g., "macosx-14.3-arm64-3.12" or "linux-x86_64-3.13".


3.4.3.3. make profile-opt
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Build Python using profile-guided optimization (PGO).  You can use the
configure "--enable-optimizations" option to make this the default
target of the "make" command ("make all" or just "make").


3.4.3.4. make clean
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Remove built files.


3.4.3.5. make distclean
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In addition to the work done by "make clean", remove files created by
the configure script.  "configure" will have to be run before building
again. [6]


3.4.3.6. make install
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Build the "all" target and install Python.


3.4.3.7. make test
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Build the "all" target and run the Python test suite with the "--fast-
ci" option without GUI tests. Variables:

* "TESTOPTS": additional regrtest command-line options.

* "TESTPYTHONOPTS": additional Python command-line options.

* "TESTTIMEOUT": timeout in seconds (default: 10 minutes).


3.4.3.8. make ci
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is similar to "make test", but uses the "-ugui" to also run GUI
tests.

Ajouté dans la version 3.14.


3.4.3.9. make buildbottest
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is similar to "make test", but uses the "--slow-ci" option and
default timeout of 20 minutes, instead of "--fast-ci" option.


3.4.3.10. make regen-all
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Regenerate (almost) all generated files. These include (but are not
limited to) bytecode cases, and parser generator file. "make regen-
stdlib-module-names" and "autoconf" must be run separately for the
remaining generated files.


3.4.4. C extensions
-------------------

Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the "sys"
module. They are built with the "Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN" macro defined.
Built-in modules have no "__file__" attribute:

   >>> import sys
   >>> sys
   <module 'sys' (built-in)>
   >>> sys.__file__
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
   AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'

Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the "_asyncio"
module. They are built with the "Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE" macro defined.
Example on Linux x86-64:

   >>> import _asyncio
   >>> _asyncio
   <module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>
   >>> _asyncio.__file__
   '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'

"Modules/Setup" is used to generate Makefile targets to build C
extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as
built-in modules. Extensions defined after the "*shared*" marker are
built as dynamic libraries.

The "PyAPI_FUNC()", "PyAPI_DATA()" and "PyMODINIT_FUNC" macros of
"Include/exports.h" are defined differently depending if the
"Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE" macro is defined:

* Use "Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL" if the "Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE" is defined

* Use "Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL" otherwise.

If the "Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN" macro is used by mistake on a C
extension built as a shared library, its "PyInit_*xxx*()" function is
not exported, causing an "ImportError" on import.


3.5. Compiler and linker flags
==============================

Options set by the "./configure" script and environment variables and
used by "Makefile".


3.5.1. Preprocessor flags
-------------------------

CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS

   Value of "CPPFLAGS" variable passed to the "./configure" script.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.6.

CPPFLAGS

   (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. "-I*include_dir*" if you
   have headers in a nonstandard directory *include_dir*.

   Both "CPPFLAGS" and "LDFLAGS" need to contain the shell's value to
   be able to build extension modules using the directories specified
   in the environment variables.

BASECPPFLAGS

   Ajouté dans la version 3.4.

PY_CPPFLAGS

   Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object
   files.

   Default: "$(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include
   $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.2.


3.5.2. Compiler flags
---------------------

CC

   C compiler command.

   Example: "gcc -pthread".

CXX

   C++ compiler command.

   Example: "g++ -pthread".

CFLAGS

   C compiler flags.

CFLAGS_NODIST

   "CFLAGS_NODIST" is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C
   extensions.  Use it when a compiler flag should *not* be part of
   "CFLAGS" once Python is installed (gh-65320).

   In particular, "CFLAGS" should not contain:

   * the compiler flag "-I" (for setting the search path for include
     files). The "-I" flags are processed from left to right, and any
     flags in "CFLAGS" would take precedence over user- and package-
     supplied "-I" flags.

   * hardening flags such as "-Werror" because distributions cannot
     control whether packages installed by users conform to such
     heightened standards.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.5.

COMPILEALL_OPTS

   Options passed to the "compileall" command line when building PYC
   files in "make install". Default: "-j0".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.12.

EXTRA_CFLAGS

   Extra C compiler flags.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS

   Value of "CFLAGS" variable passed to the "./configure" script.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.2.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST

   Value of "CFLAGS_NODIST" variable passed to the "./configure"
   script.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.5.

BASECFLAGS

   Base compiler flags.

OPT

   Optimization flags.

CFLAGS_ALIASING

   Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile
   "Python/dtoa.c".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.7.

CCSHARED

   Compiler flags used to build a shared library.

   For example, "-fPIC" is used on Linux and on BSD.

CFLAGSFORSHARED

   Extra C flags added for building the interpreter object files.

   Default: "$(CCSHARED)" when "--enable-shared" is used, or an empty
   string otherwise.

PY_CFLAGS

   Default: "$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
   $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)".

PY_CFLAGS_NODIST

   Default: "$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST)
   -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.5.

PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS

   C flags used for building the interpreter object files.

   Default: "$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS)
   $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.7.

PY_CORE_CFLAGS

   Default: "$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.2.

PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS

   Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a
   built-in module, like the "posix" module.

   Default: "$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

PURIFY

   Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.

   Default: empty string (not used).


3.5.3. Linker flags
-------------------

LINKCC

   Linker command used to build programs like "python" and
   "_testembed".

   Default: "$(PURIFY) $(CC)".

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS

   Value of "LDFLAGS" variable passed to the "./configure" script.

   Avoid assigning "CFLAGS", "LDFLAGS", etc. so users can use them on
   the command line to append to these values without stomping the
   pre-set values.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.2.

LDFLAGS_NODIST

   "LDFLAGS_NODIST" is used in the same manner as "CFLAGS_NODIST".
   Use it when a linker flag should *not* be part of "LDFLAGS" once
   Python is installed (gh-65320).

   In particular, "LDFLAGS" should not contain:

   * the compiler flag "-L" (for setting the search path for
     libraries). The "-L" flags are processed from left to right, and
     any flags in "LDFLAGS" would take precedence over user- and
     package-supplied "-L" flags.

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST

   Value of "LDFLAGS_NODIST" variable passed to the "./configure"
   script.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

LDFLAGS

   Linker flags, e.g. "-L*lib_dir*" if you have libraries in a
   nonstandard directory *lib_dir*.

   Both "CPPFLAGS" and "LDFLAGS" need to contain the shell's value to
   be able to build extension modules using the directories specified
   in the environment variables.

LIBS

   Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the
   Python executable.

   Example: "-lrt".

LDSHARED

   Command to build a shared library.

   Default: "@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)".

BLDSHARED

   Command to build "libpython" shared library.

   Default: "@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)".

PY_LDFLAGS

   Default: "$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)".

PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST

   Default: "$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)".

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

PY_CORE_LDFLAGS

   Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.

   Ajouté dans la version 3.8.

-[ Notes ]-

[6] "git clean -fdx" is an even more extreme way to "clean" your
    checkout. It removes all files not known to Git. When bug hunting
    using "git bisect", this is recommended between probes to
    guarantee a completely clean build. **Use with care**, as it will
    delete all files not checked into Git, including your new,
    uncommitted work.
