PyHash API
**********

See also the "PyTypeObject.tp_hash" member and 숫자 형의 해싱.

type Py_hash_t

   Hash value type: signed integer.

   Added in version 3.2.

type Py_uhash_t

   Hash value type: unsigned integer.

   Added in version 3.2.

Py_HASH_ALGORITHM

   A numerical value indicating the algorithm for hashing of "str",
   "bytes", and "memoryview".

   The algorithm name is exposed by "sys.hash_info.algorithm".

   Added in version 3.4.

Py_HASH_FNV
Py_HASH_SIPHASH24
Py_HASH_SIPHASH13

   Numerical values to compare to "Py_HASH_ALGORITHM" to determine
   which algorithm is used for hashing. The hash algorithm can be
   configured via the configure "--with-hash-algorithm" option.

   Added in version 3.4: Add "Py_HASH_FNV" and "Py_HASH_SIPHASH24".

   Added in version 3.11: Add "Py_HASH_SIPHASH13".

Py_HASH_CUTOFF

   Buffers of length in range "[1, Py_HASH_CUTOFF)" are hashed using
   DJBX33A instead of the algorithm described by "Py_HASH_ALGORITHM".

   * A "Py_HASH_CUTOFF" of 0 disables the optimization.

   * "Py_HASH_CUTOFF" must be non-negative and less or equal than 7.

   32-bit platforms should use a cutoff smaller than 64-bit platforms
   because it is easier to create colliding strings. A cutoff of 7 on
   64-bit platforms and 5 on 32-bit platforms should provide a decent
   safety margin.

   This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.cutoff" constant.

   Added in version 3.4.

PyHASH_MODULUS

   The Mersenne prime "P = 2**n -1", used for numeric hash scheme.

   This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.modulus" constant.

   Added in version 3.13.

PyHASH_BITS

   The exponent "n" of "P" in "PyHASH_MODULUS".

   Added in version 3.13.

PyHASH_MULTIPLIER

   Prime multiplier used in string and various other hashes.

   Added in version 3.13.

PyHASH_INF

   The hash value returned for a positive infinity.

   This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.inf" constant.

   Added in version 3.13.

PyHASH_IMAG

   The multiplier used for the imaginary part of a complex number.

   This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.imag" constant.

   Added in version 3.13.

type PyHash_FuncDef

   Hash function definition used by "PyHash_GetFuncDef()".

   Py_hash_t (*const hash)(const void*, Py_ssize_t)

      Hash function.

   const char *name

      Hash function name (UTF-8 encoded string).

      This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.algorithm" constant.

   const int hash_bits

      Internal size of the hash value in bits.

      This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.hash_bits" constant.

   const int seed_bits

      Size of seed input in bits.

      This corresponds to the "sys.hash_info.seed_bits" constant.

   Added in version 3.4.

PyHash_FuncDef *PyHash_GetFuncDef(void)

   Get the hash function definition.

   더 보기: **PEP 456** "Secure and interchangeable hash algorithm".

   Added in version 3.4.

Py_hash_t Py_HashPointer(const void *ptr)

   Hash a pointer value: process the pointer value as an integer (cast
   it to "uintptr_t" internally). The pointer is not dereferenced.

   The function cannot fail: it cannot return "-1".

   Added in version 3.13.

Py_hash_t Py_HashBuffer(const void *ptr, Py_ssize_t len)

   Compute and return the hash value of a buffer of *len* bytes
   starting at address *ptr*. The hash is guaranteed to match that of
   "bytes", "memoryview", and other built-in objects that implement
   the buffer protocol.

   Use this function to implement hashing for immutable objects whose
   "tp_richcompare" function compares to another object's buffer.

   *len* must be greater than or equal to "0".

   This function always succeeds.

   Added in version 3.14.

Py_hash_t PyObject_GenericHash(PyObject *obj)

   Generic hashing function that is meant to be put into a type
   object's "tp_hash" slot. Its result only depends on the object's
   identity.

   **CPython 구현 상세:** In CPython, it is equivalent to
   "Py_HashPointer()".

   Added in version 3.13.
